HOW TO MAKE A BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 Creating a bibliography depends on the citation style you are using, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. Here’s a general overview of how to format a bibliography in three common styles:



1. APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Used primarily in the social sciences.

Format for a Book:

  • Author(s). (Year). Title of the book (Edition, if applicable). Publisher.

Format for a Journal Article:

  • Author(s). (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, volume number(issue number), page range. https://doi.org/xx.xxx

Example for a Book:

  • Smith, J. A. (2020). Psychology in practice (2nd ed.). Academic Press.

Example for a Journal Article:

2. MLA (Modern Language Association) Style

Commonly used in humanities (literature, philosophy, etc.).

Format for a Book:

  • Author(s). Title of the Book. Publisher, Year of Publication.

Format for a Journal Article:

  • Author(s). "Title of the Article." Title of the Journal, vol. number, no. number, Year, pp. page range.

Example for a Book:

  • Smith, John. Psychology in Practice. 2nd ed., Academic Press, 2020.

Example for a Journal Article:

  • Brown, Laura R. "The Effects of Sleep on Cognitive Function." Journal of Psychology, vol. 15, no. 4, 2019, pp. 123-135.

3. Chicago Style

Often used in history and some social sciences.

Format for a Book:

  • Author(s). Title of the Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.

Format for a Journal Article:

  • Author(s). "Title of the Article." Title of the Journal volume number, issue number (Year): page range. URL or DOI (if applicable).

Example for a Book:

  • Smith, John. Psychology in Practice. Chicago: Academic Press, 2020.

Example for a Journal Article:

General Tips:

  • Alphabetical order: Entries in the bibliography should be arranged alphabetically by the author's last name.
  • Hanging indent: Each entry should have a hanging indent (the first line is flush left, and subsequent lines are indented).
  • Consistent format: Always use the same citation style throughout your bibliography.

If you need help with a specific citation style or source type, feel free to ask!

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